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Epivir prescription: Lamivudine is used for the treatment of HIV infection, prevention of HIV in those accidentally exposed to HIV, and the treatment of the hepatitis B infection. Lamivudine is an oral medication that is used for the treatment of infections with the human immunodeficiency (HIV) and hepatitis B viruses. It is in a class of drugs called reverse transcriptase inhibitors which also includes zalcitabine (Hivid), zidovudine (Retrovir), didanosine (Videx), and stavudine (Zerit). During infection with HIV, the HIV virus multiplies within the body''s cells. The viruses then are released from the cells and spread throughout the body where they infect other cells. In this manner, HIV infection spreads to new, uninfected cells that the body is continually producing, and HIV infection is perpetuated. When producing new viruses, the HIV virus must manufacture new DNA for each virus. Reverse transcriptase is the virus'' enzyme that forms this new DNA. Lamivudine first is converted within the body to its active form, lamivudine triphosphate. This active form is similar to a chemical, deoxycytidine triphosphate, that is used by reverse transcriptase to make new DNA. The reverse transcriptase uses lamivudine triphosphate instead of deoxycytidine triphosphate, and the lamivudine triphosphate interferes with the reverse transcriptase.
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Why is this drug prescribed?
Epivir tablets and oral solution contain the active ingredient lamivudine, which is a type of drug called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of HIV infection. In lower doses than those found in Epivir, lamivudine is used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection. See the Zeffix factsheet for more information on this use of lamivudine.
AIDS is caused by infection with HIV. This virus invades cells of the immune system, particularly the white blood cells known as CD4 T-helper lymphocytes. These cells normally work to activate other cells in the immune system to fight infection. Since HIV kills CD4 T-helper cells, over time the body becomes less able to fight the virus or subsequent infections.
Once the virus is inside the CD4 T-cell it multiplies. Part of the process of viral multiplication involves the conversion of the virus genetic material, RNA, into DNA. This is achieved by a compound essential to the virus, called reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase is a compound known as an enzyme. Lamivudine works by blocking the action of this enzyme, thereby interfering with the conversion of viral RNA into DNA. This stops the virus from multiplying.
There is no cure for HIV, but lamivudine is one of a number of drugs that lowers the amount of virus in the body and slows the progression of the disease from HIV to AIDS. Lamivudine is used in conjunction with other anti-HIV drugs that attack the HIV virus in different ways. This helps prevent the virus becoming resistant to the drug.
Treatments
* HIV infection.
What side effects can this drug cause?
* Headache
* Difficulty in sleeping
* Cough
* Disturbances of the gut such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea or abdominal pain
* Rash
* Hair loss
* Pain in the muscles and joints
* Fatigue
* General feeling of being unwell
* Fever
* Decrease in the number of a type of white blood cell in the blood
* Low red blood cell count
* Liver disorders
* Inflammation of the pancreas
* Disorder of the peripheral nerves causing weakness and numbness
* Elevated levels of lactic acid in the blood |
